Assets are divided into two categories: current and non-current (long-term). Current assets are those which are expected to be used or converted into cash within one year. These include items such as Cash, Accounts Receivable, and Inventory. Non-current assets are mainly Property, Plant, and Equipment (PP&E).

・Cash
This represents all of the cash holdings of a company, usually held with banks or other financial institutions.
・Accounts Receivable
This represents the credit sales of a company, that is, sales where the customer promises to pay at some future date.
・Inventory
This represents the raw materials needed for production as well as the products themselves, up until the time they are sold.
・Property, Plant, and Equipment (PP&E)
This represents a company’s fixed assets such as office buildings, factories and equipment. PP&E (net) represents the value after the Accumulated Depreciation (depreciation built up over the years) has been deducted.  

1. 資產
資產分為兩類：流動資產和非流動資產（長期）。流動資產是指預計在一年內使用或變現的資產，包括的項目如現金、應收帳款和存貨。非流動資產主要是不動產、廠房及設備 (PP&E)。 

        ・現金
    公司所持有的全部現金，通常是透過銀行或其他金融機構來持有。
・應收帳款
    公司的賒銷，也就是，顧客承諾會在未來某個日期付款的銷售。
・存貨
    生產時所需要的原料以及產品本身（直到它們賣出去為止）。
・不動產、廠房和設備 (PP&E)
    公司的固定資產，比方像辦公大樓、廠房和設備。PP&E（淨值）代表扣除累計折舊（折舊長年積累）後的價值。 

Liabilities represent money that is owed to banks, suppliers or other third parties. Similar to assets, they are divided into current and non-current (long-term) sections. Current liabilities are expected to be paid within one year. These include Accounts Payable, Notes Payable, and Current Portion of Long-term Debt.

        ・Accounts Payable
This represents the credit purchases of a company from its suppliers. It’s in a company’s best interest to collect their receivables faster than they pay their payables.

The Balance Sheet

        ・Notes Payable
This represents short-term bank debt (loans) or short-term borrowing from other sources.
・Current Portion of Long-term Debt
This represents the amount of long-term debt that needs to be paid within one year (from the end of the previous fiscal year).
・Long-term Debt
This represents the portion of long-term debt, either from banks or other sources, that does not have to be paid within one year.  

2. 負債
負債代表對銀行、供應商或其他第三方的欠款。跟資產一樣，它分為流動負債和非流動負債（長期）兩部分。流動負債預計在一年內償還，其中包括應付帳款、應付票據和一年內到期之長期負債。

・應付帳款
公司對供應商的賒購。對公司最有利的情況是，收取應收帳款比支付應付帳款還要快。

資產負債表
・ 應付票據
    短期銀行負債（貸款）或從其他來源的短期借貸。
・ 一年內到期之長期負債
    須於（從前一個會計年度截止起算）一年內償還的長期負債金額。
・ 長期負債
    不須於一年內償還的長期負債部分，債權人是銀行或其他來源。

This represents the money invested in the company from outside investors (Paid-in Capital) as well as the profits that the company keeps inside the company (Retained Earnings) after it pays out any dividends to investors.  

3. 業主（股東）權益
外部投資人投入公司的資金（實收資本），以及公司在發放任何股利給投資人後所留在公司內的利潤（保留盈餘）。