今日主題字 👉 default
📝測評重點
default 這個字不算是艱澀字，反而是頗為常見的單字。
考點 1
一般大家所熟知的 default 意思為「預設值；既定結果」，是一個名詞。而此最常用的意思也最常出現在英檢（尤其是多益）考題中。
比方說：Customers are most unsatisfied with the unalterable _____ in the application, including font type, image size, and customizability.，在此句內挖空處可能考單字的填充，那麼根據前後文可判斷應是指「應用程式中不可更動的預設功能」之意，故應填入 defaults。參照〈釋義B ▶ 例3〉
考點 2
除此之外，另一個動詞的意思和用法大家可能較不熟悉，也就是「不履行；不參加」之意。此進階的意思可能會出現在 TOEFL/IELTS 之閱讀題（考同義字替換）。
例如：Because the competitor failed to appear after moments of extended delay, his registration was defaulted and his opponent was declared champion.，其中 default 便會考同義字，答案選項可能會有 neglect, skip 等。參照〈釋義C ▶ 例7〉
📝字義辨析 一 Examples and Synonyms
default 的名詞 (n.) 用法
釋義A failure to do something required by duty or fulfill an obligation 不履行；違約
例1 ▶ If the company continues to operate at its current capacity, it will be forced into default due to its high operating expenses and lack of oversight.
如果該公司繼續以目前的產能營運，將會因為高昂的營運費用和缺乏監督，而被迫違約。
例2 ▶ The defendant of the case is in default yet again after failing to appear in court for the second consecutive occurrence.
本案被告人在連續第二次不出庭後，再次違約。（即不履行出席責任）
釋義B a preselected option automatically used before one makes a choice or preference otherwise 預設；系統默認值
例3 ▶ Customers are most unsatisfied with the unalterable defaults in the application, including font type, image size, and customizability.
客戶最不滿意應用程式中不可更改的預設值，包括字體類型、圖像大小和可定制性。
例4 ▶ If you are unconcerned or undecided on how you want your website to look, the web builder comes with a set of defaults that you can make use of before coming to your final decision.
如果你對於網站外觀沒有特別的要求或猶豫不決，網站生成器提供了一組預設值，你可以在做出最終決定之前先使用。
default 的動詞 (v.) 用法
釋義C to fail to fulfill a duty, obligation, contract 不履行；不出場；不參加；不到案；棄權
例5 ▶ In the aftermath of the last recession, thousands of young professionals defaulted on their student loans due to their inability to keep up with the substantial monthly payments while unemployed.
在上一次經濟衰退之後，許多年輕的專業人士因為失業而無法負擔每月龐大的學生貸款，最終導致他們違約，無法按時還款。
例6 ▶ Should the government be forced to default on its sizable international debts, financial markets may yet again face another monumental crisis.
如果政府被迫對其龐大的國際債務違約，金融市場可能會再次面臨另一場巨大危機。
由於該參賽者在長時間延遲後仍未出現，他的報名被取消，因此他的對手被宣佈為冠軍。
例8 ▶ If no prior changes had been saved before you exited the application, the next file opened will default to the original settings.
如果在退出應用程式之前未儲存任何更改，則下一個打開的文件將默認為原始設定。
儘管管理階層有變動，但公司結構未受影響，因此所有先前考慮進行重組的計劃都被默認為支持原始功能而作罷。
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