聽讀英文 – 人文歷史:用火的歷史 Lighting fire (音)|貝塔語測
聽讀英文 – 人文歷史:用火的歷史 Lighting fire (音)

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By  Quentin Brand

Script 閱讀文本

Throughout the annals of human history, the ability to create and control fire has been a transformative force, shaping societies, influencing cultures, and aiding in the survival of our species. From the earliest days of primitive tools to the sleek and efficient lighters of the modern era, the story of fire creation is one of ingenuity, innovation, and adaptation. 

The first humans to harness fire likely stumbled upon it accidentally through natural causes such as lightning strikes or volcanic activity. However, our ancestors soon realized the value of fire for warmth, protection, and cooking. One of the earliest methods of intentionally creating fire involved striking stones together, with flint being a crucial component due to its ability to produce sparks when struck against steel. This method, known as flint and steel, dates back to the Paleolithic era and was a significant leap forward in controlling fire. 

As human societies progressed, so did their methods of fire creation. The torch, a bundle of sticks soaked in animal fat or resin, became a common tool for carrying and controlling fire. Ancient civilizations, from the Greeks to the Romans, employed torches for various purposes, including illuminating pathways and providing light during religious ceremonies. 

In different corners of the world, diverse cultures developed unique methods for creating fire. The bow drill, for instance, emerged in ancient Asia and consisted of a spindle, a bow, and a hearth board. By rapidly moving the bow back and forth, friction generated heat, eventually igniting the material on the hearth board. Meanwhile, cultures in Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands developed fire pistons, devices that used rapid compression to create enough heat to ignite tinder. 

The 19th century witnessed a revolution in fire creation with the invention of the matchstick. Initially made from a combination of phosphorus and sulfur, early matches were often dangerous and unreliable. However, as technology advanced, safer and more convenient matches emerged, making fire creation more accessible to the general population. 

In the 20th century, lighters took center stage in the realm of fire creation. The invention of the disposable lighter in the 20th century, with its small size and ease of use, marked a significant departure from traditional methods. Advances in technology introduced piezoelectric lighters, using the pressure-induced electrical charge to generate sparks. Today, we find ourselves with a plethora of options, from classic disposable lighters to rechargeable electric ones, showcasing the ongoing evolution of fire creation technology. 

From the humble beginnings of striking stones together to the sleek lighters of the present day, the story of fire creation is a testament to human adaptability and innovation. What once served as a means for survival has evolved into a symbol of warmth, progress, and human ingenuity. As we marvel at our ability to create and control fire, let us not forget the long and remarkable journey that has brought us to this point in history.

Translation 中文翻譯
縱觀人類歷史,創造和控制火的能力一直是一股變革力量,塑造出社會,影響著文化,並幫助我們人類的生存。從最早的原始工具到時尚高效的打火機,火的創造故事是一個關於獨創性、創新和適應的故事。 
掌握火源的人類最早可能是通過自然原因偶然發現的,例如閃電或火山活動。然而,我們的祖先很快意識到火對於保暖、保護和烹飪的價值。最起先意圖創造火的方法之一是將石頭互相敲擊,燧石是一個重要的組成部分,因為它在撞擊鋼鐵時能夠產生火花。這種被稱為打火石的方法可以追溯到舊石器時代,是對火的控制的一個重大躍進。 
隨著人類社會的發展,生火的方法也在不斷進步。火把是一束浸泡在動物脂肪或樹脂中的木棍,成為了攜帶和控制火的常用工具。從希臘到羅馬,古代文明利用火把照明道路,並在宗教儀式中提供照明等各種目的。 
在世界各地,不同文化發展出了獨特的生火方法。例如,弓鑽來自古代亞洲,由主軸、弓和壁爐板組成。通過快速移動弓來回,摩擦產生熱量,最終點燃壁爐板上的材料。與此同時,東南亞和太平洋島嶼地區的文化發展出了火槍,這是一種利用快速壓縮來產生足夠熱量點燃引火物的裝置。 
19 世紀,火柴的發明引發了生火的創造技術的革命。最初的火柴由磷和硫組成,經常危險且不穩定。然而,隨著技術的進步,更安全、更方便的火柴出現了,使得大眾更容易取得和使用火焰。 
20 世紀,打火機成為了生火的創造領域中心。一次性打火機的發明,由於其小巧的尺寸和便捷的使用方式,標誌著與傳統方法的重大轉變。隨著技術進步引入了壓電打火機,利用壓力感應電荷產生火花。如今,我們有著各種各樣的選擇,從傳統的一次性打火機到可充電的電動打火機,展示了用火的創造技術不斷演進。 
從最初敲擊石頭到如今的現代時尚打火機,生火的創造故事見證了人類的適應性和創新能力。 曾經作為生存手段的火苗,如今已經演變成為溫暖、進步和人類智慧的象徵。當我們驚嘆於創造和控制火的能力時,不要忘記曾經歷了漫長而非凡的過程,才走到了歷史的這一刻。
※ Quentin老師閱讀文本外,另有補充對於本篇主題的個人觀點與讀者分享,請仔細聆聽,並思考自己的想法。※
CHECK THIS OUT 學習知識點
In the sixth paragraph you will see the idiom ‘took centre stage’. This idiom comes from the theatre, where it means someone who is in the centre of the performing platform is the most important person on the stage. We use this idiom to describe something that becomes important. Here are some more sentences using the idiom: 
In the bustling metropolis, the towering skyscraper took centre stage, capturing the attention of all with its gleaming glass façade and modern architecture. 
At the international summit, the diplomatic negotiations took centre stage, with leaders from various nations coming together to address pressing global issues and seek common ground.
在第六段中,你會看到「took centre stage」這個慣用語。這個用法來自戲劇界,意思是站在舞台中央的人是舞台上最重要的人。我們用這個慣用語來形容某件事情變得重要。以下是這個用語的例句:
「在繁忙的大都市,這座高聳的摩天大樓成為了主角,以其閃亮的玻璃外牆和現代建築吸引了所有人的目光。」 
「在國際峰會上,外交談判成為了主角,各國領袖聚集一堂,解決緊迫的全球問題並尋求共同點。」
IRT 作題評量,診斷學習強弱
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Quiz

Q1: What is the main topic of the article?

A. lighters

B. matches


C. how people started fires throughout history

 

Q2: In the second paragraph what does the word ‘stumble’ mean?

A. fall over

B. find something by chance


C. trip over

 

Q3What happened in the 19th century?

A. lighters were invented

B. matches were invented


C. piezoelectiric lighters were invented

Answers: 
Q1: C Q2: B Q3: B

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