字彙勝利方程式 – Default 替換字用法|貝塔語測
字彙勝利方程式 – Default 替換字用法

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By  Victor Wan

今日主題字 👉 default

📝測評重點

default 這個字不算是艱澀字,反而是頗為常見的單字。

考點 1    

一般大家所熟知的 default 意思為「預設值;既定結果」,是一個名詞。而此最常用的意思也最常出現在英檢(尤其是多益)考題中。

比方說:Customers are most unsatisfied with the unalterable _____ in the application, including font type, image size, and customizability.,在此句內挖空處可能考單字的填充,那麼根據前後文可判斷應是指「應用程式中不可更動的預設功能」之意,故應填入 defaults參照〈釋義B ▶ 例3〉

考點 2    

除此之外,另一個動詞的意思和用法大家可能較不熟悉,也就是「不履行;不參加」之意。此進階的意思可能會出現在 TOEFL/IELTS 之閱讀題(考同義字替換)。

例如:Because the competitor failed to appear after moments of extended delay, his registration was defaulted and his opponent was declared champion.,其中 default 便會考同義字,答案選項可能會有 neglect, skip 等。參照〈釋義C ▶ 例7〉

📝字義辨析 一 Examples and Synonyms

default 的名詞 (n.) 用法

 釋義   failure to do something required by duty or fulfill an obligation 不履行;違約

例1 ▶ If the company continues to operate at its current capacity, it will be forced into default due to its high operating expenses and lack of oversight.
如果該公司繼續以目前的產能營運,將會因為高昂的營運費用和缺乏監督,而被迫違約

例2 ▶ The defendant of the case is in default yet again after failing to appear in court for the second consecutive occurrence.
本案被告人在連續第二次不出庭後,再次違約。(即不履行出席責任)


 釋義   a preselected option automatically used before one makes a choice or preference otherwise  預設;系統默認值 

例3 ▶ Customers are most unsatisfied with the unalterable defaults in the application, including font type, image size, and customizability.
客戶最不滿意應用程式中不可更改的預設值,包括字體類型、圖像大小和可定制性。

例4 ▶ If you are unconcerned or undecided on how you want your website to look, the web builder comes with a set of defaults that you can make use of before coming to your final decision.
如果你對於網站外觀沒有特別的要求或猶豫不決,網站生成器提供了一組預設值,你可以在做出最終決定之前先使用。


default 的動詞 (v.) 用法

 釋義   to fail to fulfill a duty, obligation, contract 不履行;不出場;不參加;不到案;棄權 

例5 ▶ In the aftermath of the last recession, thousands of young professionals defaulted on their student loans due to their inability to keep up with the substantial monthly payments while unemployed. 
在上一次經濟衰退之後,許多年輕的專業人士因為失業而無法負擔每月龐大的學生貸款,最終導致他們違約,無法按時還款。

例6 ▶ Should the government be forced to default on its sizable international debts, financial markets may yet again face another monumental crisis. 
如果政府被迫對其龐大的國際債務違約,金融市場可能會再次面臨另一場巨大危機。

例7 ▶ Because the competitor failed to appear after moments of extended delay, his registration was defaulted and his opponent was declared champion. 
由於該參賽者在長時間延遲後仍未出現,他的報名被取消,因此他的對手被宣佈為冠軍。

 釋義   to revert automatically to the preselected option in the absence of choice made by a user 默認 

例8 ▶ If no prior changes had been saved before you exited the application, the next file opened will default to the original settings.
如果在退出應用程式之前未儲存任何更改,則下一個打開的文件將默認為原始設定。

例9 ▶ Although there was a change in management, the company structure was untouched and so all prior considerations to restructure were defaulted in favor of original functionality.
儘管管理階層有變動,但公司結構未受影響,因此所有先前考慮進行重組的計劃都被默認為支持原始功能而作罷。  
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