許多人在寫作時習慣用「簡單句」堆積成一篇文章,這樣的句子既冗長又無趣, 而且無法清楚地表現前後兩個句子的關係,因而使句子與句子之間不順暢。
✡ 修飾「人」或「東西」所需要配合的關係代名詞不一樣:
「主格」(「人」用 who、「物」用 which)、「所有格」都用 whose,但是實際上還有「受格」的用法。
主格 | 所有格 | 受格 | |
---|---|---|---|
人 | who | whose | whom |
物 | which | whose | which |
✡ 當我們強調語氣時,無論是人或事物的主格和受格, 都可以用 that 作為關係代名詞。
例如
I have many friends who live in America.
↑who 可改為 that(受格)
I met the beautiful girl whom you talked about yesterday.
↑whom 可改為 that(受格)
This is the book which cost me a lot.
↑which 可改為 that(主格)
The car which I park in front of my house is very expensive.
↑which 可改為 that(受格)
✡ 當要修飾的對象是「人 + 物」的時候, 因為關係代名詞不論用 who 或 which 都不對,所以當然只能用 that。
例如
The car ran into a boy and his dog that were just crossing the street.
當小男孩和他的狗正在穿越馬路時,一部車撞上他們倆。
The man and his bike that fell into the river were missing.
那個人和他的車掉進河裡後,就不見蹤影。
✡ 使用 that 的禁忌!!
雖然「受格」關係代名詞可以用 that 代替,不過前面卻不可以有介系詞喔!
例如
I met the girl that you talked about yesterday.
=○ I met the girl about whom you talked yesterday.
(介系詞可移到 whom 前面)
≠✕ I met the girl about that you talked yesterday.
