聽讀英文 – 人文與歷史:犬的起源 The domestication of the dog (音)|貝塔語測
聽讀英文 – 人文與歷史:犬的起源 The domestication of the dog (音)

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By  Quentin Brand

Script 閱讀文本

In the tapestry of human history, one relationship stands out as both remarkable and enduring—the companionship between humans and dogs. As we walk hand in paw with these loyal and beloved creatures, it’s worth delving into the captivating story of canine domestication, a bond that spans tens of thousands of years. 

Imagine our ancient ancestors, their lives intricately intertwined with the rhythms of the natural world. Amidst this wilderness, a pivotal partnership was forged. It is widely believed that dogs, descendants of wolves, were the first animals to be domesticated by humans. While the exact timeline remains a subject of scholarly debate, archaeological evidence points to a bond that goes back at least 15,000 to 40,000 years. 

The transition from wild wolves to domesticated dogs was no overnight endeavor. It’s theorized that early humans developed a mutually beneficial relationship with wolves: humans offered food scraps and protection, while wolves aided in hunting and safeguarding. Over generations, those wolves that exhibited friendlier behavior towards humans were favored, laying the foundation for the domestication process. This natural selection ultimately led to the emergence of traits like tameness and socialization that define our beloved pets today. 

The journey from wild wolf to modern dog has yielded an astonishing array of breeds, each tailored to perform specific tasks. From the swift Greyhounds to the sturdy Saint Bernards, the herding instincts of Border Collies to the protective nature of German Shepherds, dogs have become our companions. Over time, dogs have not only played crucial roles in hunting and herding but have also become integral members of our families, offering emotional support, unconditional love, and unwavering loyalty. 

Advances in genetic research have deepened our understanding of the dog’s journey from wild to domesticated. Canine genomes have been sequenced, revealing insights into the genetic mutations that have influenced their physical and behavioral traits. This scientific exploration not only showcases the remarkable adaptability of dogs but also emphasizes the pivotal role they’ve played in human history, evolving alongside us and adapting to our changing needs. 

The domestication of the dog stands as a testament to the power of interspecies companionship. Throughout millennia, our partnership with dogs has evolved from one of necessity to one of mutual affection. From guarding our homes to bringing joy into our lives, dogs have seamlessly integrated themselves into the fabric of human existence. 

As we take our daily walks and share our homes with these devoted creatures, it’s essential to reflect on the journey that has brought us together. The story of canine domestication serves as a poignant reminder that the bond between humans and dogs transcends time and borders, speaking to our shared capacity for compassion, understanding, and love.

Translation 中文翻譯
在人類歷史的長流中,有一種關係既非凡又持久,那就是人類和狗之間的友誼。當我們與這些忠誠而可愛的動物攜手同行時,值得深入研究犬類馴化的迷人故事,這是一種跨越數萬年的紐帶。 
想像一下我們的古代祖先,他們的生活與自然界的節奏緊密相連。在這片荒野之中,一種重要的夥伴關係形成了。廣泛認為,狗是狼的後代,是人類馴化的第一批動物。雖然確切的時間線仍然是學術辯論的話題,考古學證據指向了一種至少可以追溯到 15,000 至 40,000 年的羈絆。 
從野狼到馴化狗的轉變並非一蹴而就。據推測,早期人類與狼建立了互惠互利的關係:人類提供食物殘渣和保護,而狼則協助狩獵和保護。經過幾代人的努力,那些對人類表現得更友好的狼得到了青睞,為馴化過程奠定了基礎。這種自然選擇最終導致了馴化和社會化等特徵的出現,而這些特徵正是我們今天所喜愛的寵物的特徵。 
從野狼到現代犬,這一過程產生了一系列令人驚歎的犬種,每種犬都是為執行特定任務而量身定制的。從敏捷的灰狗到強壯的聖伯納犬,從邊境牧羊犬的放牧本能到德國牧羊犬的保護天性,狗已經成為我們的夥伴。隨著時間的推移,狗不僅在狩獵和放牧中發揮了重要作用,而且還成為我們家庭中不可或缺的成員,為我們提供情感支援、無條件的愛和堅定不移的忠誠。 
基因研究的進展加深了我們對狗從野生到馴化過程的瞭解。犬類基因組已經完成定序,揭示了影響其身體和行為特徵的基因突變。這一科學探索不僅展示了狗的非凡適應能力,還強調了它們在人類歷史中扮演的關鍵角色,它們與我們一起進化,適應我們不斷變化的需求。 
狗的馴化證明了跨物種友誼的力量。幾千年來,我們與狗的夥伴關係已經從一種必然發展為一種相互感情。從守護我們的家園到為我們的生活帶來歡樂,狗狗已經完美地融入了人類的生活。 
當我們每天散步並與這些忠誠的動物分享我們的家時,有必要反思將我們聚集在一起的旅程。犬類馴化的故事深刻地提醒我們,人與狗之間的連結超越了時間和國界,體現了我們共同的同情、理解和愛的能力。  
※ Quentin老師閱讀文本外,另有補充對於本篇主題的個人觀點與讀者分享,請仔細聆聽,並思考自己的想法。※
CHECK THIS OUT 學習知識點
In the fourth paragraph the word ‘unwavering’ means steady or fixed. We often use this word to describe loyalty, determination or commitment. Here are some more sentences using this word. 
‘Despite the challenges they faced, their unwavering determination to succeed propelled them forward.’ 
‘The leader’s unwavering commitment to the team’s goals inspired everyone to give their best effort.’
在第四段中,「unwavering」一字的意思是穩定或固定,我們經常用這個字來形容忠誠、決心或承諾。這裡還有一些使用此單字的例句: 
「儘管他們面臨挑戰,但他們堅定不移的成功決心推動著他們前進。」 
「這位領導者對團隊目標堅定不移的承諾激勵著每個人盡最大努力。」
IRT 作題評量,診斷學習強弱
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Quiz

Q1: What is the main topic of the article?

A. German Shepherd dogs

B. how the wolf became a dog


C. the domestication of the dog

 

Q2: In the second paragraph, what does the word, ‘pivotal’ mean?

A. turning

B. important


C. close

 

Q3: Which dog breed is especially famous for its herding instincts?

A. the Greyhound

B. the German Shepherd


C. the Border Collie

Answers: 
Q1: C Q2: B Q3: C

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