※本文節錄自貝塔語測《王復國理解文法:典藏版》作者:王復國
上一期我們討論了「贅詞」,這篇文章接著來看看「冗語」,看完之後你的寫作能力會更加精進。所謂的冗語 (pleonasm) 簡單地講就是,在句子中使用了比真正需要的字還多的字來表達。一般而言,最能讓句子顯得「短小精悍」 (compact) 的方式就是將子句簡化成片語的形式。以下我們就來看一下各類子句,在不影響句意的前提下,可以如何減化。
A. 名詞子句
名詞子句最常被減化成不定詞的形式。例如:
I really don’t know what I should do.
可減化成:
I really don’t know what to do.
(我真的不知道該怎麼辦。)
有時名詞子句也可以減化成動名詞的形式。例如:
Mr. Murdock is facing the charge that he murdered his wife.
可減化成:
Mr. Murdock is facing the charge of murdering his wife. (莫達克先生正面臨謀殺他太太的指控。)
B. 形容詞子句
形容詞子句最常被減化成分詞的形式。例如:
Do you see the girl who is wearing a huge hat over there?
↓
Do you see the girl wearing a huge hat. over there?
(你有沒有看到那邊那個帶著一頂巨大帽子的女孩?)
形容詞子句也可以減化成不定詞的形式。例如:
Neil Armstrong was the first human that set foot on the moon.
→簡化成→ Neil Armstrong was the first human to set foot on the moon.
(尼爾・阿姆斯壯是第一個踏上月球的人類。)
C. 副詞子句
副詞子句最常被減化成分詞構句。例如:
After he had worked for five hours straight, he was more than happy to take a break.
↓
Having worked for five hours straight, he was more than happy to take a break.
(在連續工作五個小時之後;他很高興可以休息一下。)
有些副詞子句可以減化成不定詞形式。例如:
I turned down the volume on the stereo in order that I could hear what he said.
→簡化成→ I turned down the volume on the stereo in order to hear what he said.
(我把音響的音量關小,以便聽清楚他說的話。)
注意,有些副詞子句可減化成介系詞片語。例如:
As soon as I heard the news, I gave him a call.
→簡化成→ Upon / On hearing the news, I gave him a call.
(我一聽到那個消息,就打了通電話給他。)
在無特殊理由的情況下,建議盡量使用減化的句子,以提升修辭的層次。
